Jaehyoung Kim: Essay 5

Why is Windows 8 not appropriate for our next OS?

In 2011, Microsoft Office Lab released this video. Since 2009, Microsoft annually released the videos explaining what they’re expecting to be true after ten years. Therefore, this video, released 2011, shows us what Microsoft is dreaming for 2021.

As shown in video, Microsoft’s future plan is to build a unified solution for both personal computers and mobile devices. Computer technology had become one of the essential parts of our life. Today, most of us communicate through computers. Internet already became bigger than our real world. And moreover, nowadays smartphones and tablets allow us to bring and use computers whenever, wherever we are.

However, despite of the rise of smartphone and tablet, personal computers are still dominating most of our electronic gadgets. And there are some unapproachable benefits of personal computer’s mouse and keyboard input that can never be made with touchscreen.

If you are interested in computer and technology, you might be heard about the release of Windows 8, the next version of Windows 7. On 26 October 2012, Microsoft officially released Windows 8. And it seems to be a step forward to Microsoft’s future vision. But in fact, it only decreased user convenience.

Windows was first introduced in 1985. And with its graphical user interface (GUI) based on mouse input, Microsoft successfully dominated operating system market. Just as what you see when you turn your computer on, the main difference of Windows was that Windows had ‘Windows’.

With the ‘Windows’, Windows was able to offer people much efficient multi-tasking environment, by which people could switch programs with unimaginable speed they’ve ever experience before. And throughout the new versions of Windows such as Windows XP and Windows 7, Windows succeeded to maintain its popularity.

However, in Windows 8, Microsoft had abolished their traditional ‘Windows’ UI, and they replaced it with the interface formerly known as ‘Metro’. The problem is that it’s absolutely not appropriate for the traditional keyboard and mouse input but only optimized for touchscreen environments like tablets.

Though you can keep using the old UI by exiting the new UI, there is no ‘start’ button. Eliminating this ‘start’ button had extremely decreased user convenience. Additional software is required to keep using ‘start’ button as in Windows 7 and even they are not stable yet.

I have no doubt that Windows 8 is a perfect operating system for phones and tablets. It seems very cool to have Windows programs such as Microsoft Office running on tablets. But in my opinion, Microsoft missed a big point. They shouldn't have done replacing whole interface.

What if Windows 8 was all configurable? If Windows 8 had an option to choose UI to be applied, it would be much better. In other operating systems, such as Mac OS and Linux, they didn’t change their traditional UI but they offered touch-friendly launchers instead of it.

According to ZDNet, Microsoft is preparing for the next version of Windows 8 and is codenamed ‘Blue’, in which major updates will be provided annually as in Mac OS X. I hope Microsoft fixes these problems in the next version of Windows 8.

Reminders and Clarifications

Ok, so some people may still be a little confused about the essay 4 presentations.  Let me explain how this will happen.

December 4 (next week)

Cindy/ Lianne- Team Presentation (Cindy's Essay)

Linda- Individual Presentation

Brian

Will- Individual Presentation

Daniel

Jayhyeong/ Wayne- Team Presentation (Both Essays)

Matthew- Individual Presentation

Brian and Daniel, let me know if you would like to do your presentations together or separate.

Class, you should comment on all of the essays above, unless the essay is not posted. So far Linda, Jayhyoung, Wayne, and Matthew's are posted, so comment on those four, and then comment when Cindy, Brian, Will, and Daniel post theirs. (By Monday, December 3.)

December 11 (in two weeks)

Jay Park

Lianne/ Cindy- Team Presentations (Lianne's Essay)

James

Gandi

Celina

Alice

Students presenting December 11, you need to let me know by next week if you plan to do an individual or team presentation.  

The less prepared you guys are, the less chance we have to have a relaxing time on the 11th.  If you are prepared next week and in two weeks, then we can have some nice free time.  I have some fun ideas, but they won't work if you guys don't do your part.  We're almost done, so finish strong!

Email me or let me know if you are confused or have a question.  Don't come on Tuesday and tell me you didn't understand, so you didn't do anything.  I will not accept that.

Blessings,

Miss Lauren

Essay 4: The Gunpowder Plot( Narrator: Guy Fawkes)

Event: Gunpowder Plot

Narrator: Guy Fawkes.

     Greeting, young fellas. My name is Guy Fawkes and you may heard about me if you studied England's history.Of course, I know that you didn't, so  I would like to introduce my self  with some informations that are related to me in your generation. How do I know this? Sorry. but I'm the GUY.

     Firstable, the word 'guy' you guys are using was originated from my name. Haha. Remarkable, Isn't it? Well,  I feel uncomfortable. Second, the national holiday at november 5th in England, the day when people burn the figure of me, and do the fireworks and have  good times with family was originated from the 'Gunpowder Plot' which I executed. As I have mentioned, I feel miserable about burning my figures. Why? Third, I'm remembered as one of the most notorious terrorist in the history. I don't know what's the problem with the England historian.

     I guess you might know quite enough about me now. From this moment, I'll describe the reason why I had to execute the Gunpowder treason, and how much I had to suffer because of it, and the cruelty of the English government which King James1 ruled over. Please do not remember my story as a fairy tale. Some people might assess me as a radical terrorist or religious fanatic, but to advocate my self, I'm not. What I did was to protect my neighborhoods religious freedom, and the spritual conscience and, the dignity as a human. I couldn't hold back anymore for the brutal government's inhumanity.

     The generation when I lived was the time when King James 1 conquered the England. When he reached the thrown, he declared that the England's national religion is the Protestant Church. From this point, he carried out a  injustifiable policy with religion that who believes Catholic or another branch of protestant will be pay fines ore be imprisoned or be dead at worse. Many of Catholists or another protestants had to hide their religion and continue the faith in silence.(Cannon,John. The Oxford Companion to British History(revised edition)) Oh, my holy nation was completely saturated by beast's tyranizze.

     Far more, King James 1 concluded the peace with Spain, which country supported and tried to sustain Catholism in our nation. As a result, Catholists became hopeless and were betrayed by the nation.(Cannon,John) Eventhough James is the king and it's the fact, It couldn't be acknowledge to me that the King who is overusing the power against God. Moreover, people of God was abused by his evil domination. Numbers of  neighborhood was hanged in front of my eyes, even the kids. If you were me, what would you do? Don't you think someone should do something as a God's slave, liberate the people who is threatened and weaken? How dare could he trample the people who believe in the same name of "God"? How could man who believe in Jesus do these things? It can't. Absolutely not. He was damn wrong, and what he did is not a work of faith, it was just an violence.

     Therefore, I decided to recover my nation's freedom from a tyrant. While I served one noble in England, I met the man who was really faithful and loyal to the nation and God. Similar to me, he couldn't stand with the James' oppression.(Encyclopedia.com "Guy Fawkes") We both shared the same idea that if Catholists maintain the passive political position, the doom of the England's light will be come soon, and it was sure that we just cannot depend on the assembley because it was uncertain how much longer they will keep resist with James' force.

     So we determined to reform the government, and build from the ground-zero. There was no other way. We founded out that at the day november 5th, king, Lords, and commons were assembled for the opening of the new session. It was a God-given chance to assassinate them all, and raise up the flag of revolution.(Cannon,John) I was expert in gunpowder and bombs because I was in a Spanish military association and I had many experiences.(Encyclopedia.com) Thus we located the tunnel to the parliament under the ground cave, and loaded barrels of gunpowder in order to blow up the parliament.(Cannon, John)

     The preparation was done, and the only thing that I had to do was just igniting the massive amount of gunpowder. In the midnight, before to excute the strategy, I got down on my knees and prayed to God. It was the most silent moment in my life time. The memory of war and the smell of  the blood I had passed away like a dim light. The tunnel was so calm and chill. There was no turning back. I had to do what I must. The prosperity and the peace of Catholic of England was all handed to me. I said to God "Please give me a courage to do what is right." I stood up and reached my hand to a lantern.

     Suddenly,  sounds of many footsteps vibrated in the tunnel. I heard the man shouting, "He's there! Catch him right now!" I realized at the moment that someone had leak the information to the people of government.(Cannon, John) In this imminent situation, I had to just throw the lamp and hope that the fire is ingnited to the gunpowder. I caught the lamp and threw it to the barells as far as I could. Then I put out my sword and said, "God's justice is upon you now." I brandished the sword to the soldiers and I killed 3 soldiers, but there was too many soliders and I couldn't beat them all although I was a vetteran. Three study man held my tightly and I was completely captured. "Let's go! you fanatic!" one of the soldier shouted. I immediately resisted to be dragged out of the tunnel, and turned my head toward to the gunpowder. but there was no any light or smoke. One man was  putting the fire out at his end of foot after he poured the water on the barrel.

     When I arrived at some darkroom where I don't know, they tied me at the chair and asked me a question right away. "Who's your company?" I answered with silence. Few times more he asked but he seemed gave up in a minute. He knew that I was never going to say the names. He commended soldiers "Show him what is a hell." Instantly they took me to an instrument which seemed like a bed. I was tied my 2 legs and 2 arms tightly in a corner of it. "You will sure going to confess your sin and beg for the mercy." The instrument was activated. Extreme pain was occured in my body. I thought that my body was tearing to 4 pieces. I screamed and yelled, the suffer was I never have experinced, freaky, but I couldn't reveal the name of my company.(Encyclopedia.com)

     Days after, I couldn't endure anymore. I couldn't think anything. My body was completly became diabled and my most of muscles were cut out, skins were pulple blue and my shape was not a human kind. I screamed and begged. "Catsbey! He's the leader!" Soon I revealed all the name of conspirators, and when my conscious came back, I was going somewhere on a coach.

    The soldiers imprisoned me and laughed at me. "Son of the beast came to die at last." In the dark stinky room, unable to do anything I was just lying down on the cold floor, wating for God's salvation. 'God...... why are you doing this to me?' I asked to God in my mind but there was no answer. I was so frustrated about the failure. When the morning came, sunshine came through in my eyes painfully and soldiers dragged me out of the prison, and headed to somewhere. While moving one of the solider said "You're going to die right away. King James sentenced you death." When I arrived at a scaffold. People screamed and shout at me. " You devil! How dare you try to touch our holy king James!" "Kill him! Kill him now!!" They threw stones to me. They spitted on me. At the last moment, I shouted. "God! Please save our country!"

I imagined what if I had succeeded it. I dreamed of the freedom that our people and nation will freely worship God in own ways, and live in peace. But I don't regret it. I believe my behavior became one of the examplary that Cahtolics became more subjective and independant, saying what they must say, and do what they must do. Like the old wisdom says, "Man dies, but one's idea never dies."


Bibliography

Cannon,John. The Oxford Companion to British History(revised edition).Oxford University Press, USA April 3, 2003
"Fawkes, Guy." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 24 Nov. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Event: Gunpowder Plot

Narrator: Guy Fawkes.

 

◉Background information of ‘Gunpowder Plot’

In 1605, after James 1 had became king of England at 1603, He carried out a restrictive policy to Catholics which subjected them to fines, imprisonment and even death. In addition, James 1 concluded peace with Spain which country supported England’s Catholics. However, he backtracked the policy because of continuing objection of the parliament, nevertheless it left Catholics to feel frustrated and hopeless with their nation.

Thus, some of radical Catholics, including Guy Fawkes decided to destroy the English government by blowing up the parliament at November 5th when the king, Lords, and Commons were assembled for the opening of the new session.

However, the plot was betrayed and the conspirators captured, tried and executed.(Cannon,John. The Oxford Companion to British History(revised edition).Oxford University Press, USA April 3, 2003)

 

◉Background information of ‘Guy Fawkes’

Guy Fawkes was born at 1570 13, between father who belonged to protestant church and mother who was very closed to Catholic but had to attend to the church. After his father died when he was age 8, his mother married with a recusant(which means who refused the national religion in England) and moved their home. From this moment, Fawkes began to com in contact with who secretly believed Catholic and he also entered St. Peter’s school.

When Fawkes reached adulthood, he became serious with Catholicism and became military of Spanish army which was under the control of Europe’s great Catholic power. He was assessed very highly and described as man of great piety, of exemplary temperance, faithful, cheerful, and so on.

While he was serving one of English noble, he met the conspirators and he became a executor of Gunpowder Plot, because he was an expert for gunpowder and his personality and virtue was very noble. Conspirators loaded the numerous barrels of gunpowder thorough the under tunnel which linked to the parliament.

But the plot was betrayed and Guy was captured by the England soldiers and tortured for 2 days. At last, he confessed the conspirators and all of them were founded and executed.

"Fawkes, Guy." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 24 Nov. 2012                        <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

Linda Kim: Essay 4

Research paper : Sierra Leone War

                                                                                                             Linda Kim

     Hello. I am a 15-year-old girl from Sierra leone. I live with my brother! While I am writing this, my brother just went out to play soccer at the 'One-legged sports club'.(Kim) Whenever brother goes out to play soccer, our house is so empty. I think it is because there are no more mother and father in this house since we lost them at the Sierra leone war.

     Before telling you about this terrible war which gave a deep scar to me and my neighbors, I will tell you about our country, Sierra leone. Sierra leone is located at the West Coast of Africa.(Cho) And the population is 5 million and 880 thousand.(Cho) We use English in our country.(Cho) We have lots of ethnic groups including Temne, Mende, and Creole.(Cho) In this country, which seems just like the other normal countries, there was a big war.

     In our country, beautiful diamonds are produced a lot. Diamond is traded at the high price because of its mysterious color and fancy sparkle.(Kim) But this diamond was the back ground of the war.(Kim) The war that continued for ten years and left terrible results was holocaust by trying to occupy the mineral rights of this diamond.(Kim) And on this back ground of the Sierra leone war, 'diamond', there is Charles Taylor, who made this tries to occupy the mineral rights to extend to war.(Kim)

     The "main" cause of the war, Charles Taylor, was the president of Liberia.(Kim) At that time, the companies that will mine the diamond was already all decided.(Kim) Charles thought that this will turn into invalidity if the new government enters.(Kim) So he gave the rebels money and egged them to fight with the government forces. If Charles didn't support the rebels, the war might have finished soon.(Kim)

     Anyway, the war happened. I was born during the war and my father and mother dead by the bomb while getting some food to feed little me and my brother. I didn't got any injury luckily, but my brother lose his one leg. Many of the boys were dragged to the 'Child Soldier'.(Cho) Our country wasn't stabled at all. My friend lost every one around her except me and her son by this war. She even got her arms away.

     Finally, the war ended up by the effort of the international societies. The war ended but still, the town was not just happy. There was so many people who dead and who got hurt. And no one could just laugh and say "Wow!! The war is over!!" Even the kids didn't shouted.

     Including the child soldier and my friends, there was a lot of damage in our country. Many people's limbs were amputated. And about 2 million people became refugee which is almost half of the population.(Cho) And 2 hundred thousand people died.(Cho) Many people couldn't live without help.

     The War ended before 10 years, but everything is still hard in here, Sierra leone.(Kim) We are lack of schools, hospitals, and work places.(Kim) IMF even said like this. "People in the Sierra leone are at the severe poverty by having 26% starving people. And the poverty class is almost 70%."(Kim)

     But the international societies are helping us so we are overcoming the scars of the war. It is still very little help. But it is really important thing to us to live. I hope you to be interested in our country and other wars after reading this. The money you spend there by eating something sweet after meal can be a money for us to eat and live one day.

     Good news is that Charles Taylor finally got into the jail. From March 13th, 2008, the trial about Charles is opening.(Kim) It is a relief to make someone to be at the law and say sorry. But his admit of his fault cannot make the ones who lost their limbs to get them again. And it cannot make people who dead at the war to be alive. It is because there is nothing more important than one's life. The money, or the diamond(to say it directly) cannot be even compared to the life.

     And many people agree to this and many relief organizations are helping us. World Vision, Unicef, MSF are some of them.(Kim) Oh! and the 'One-legged sports club' where my brother is now playing soccer at was also supported by the FIFA. Like this, many people give a look at us and help us. This little helps pile up and make our lives healthy.

     Now I would end this by conveying a message from my friend. His name is Koba, and he is a former 'child soldier'. "Wars won't be occurring if all diamonds of Sierra leone exhaust. And my son won't be a child soldier like me. We are looking for the world where has no diamond at all."(Kim)

 

Unlike to the people here, to Sierra Leone people, diamond is just a mournful jewel that gives a painful wound to the heart.

 

 

Bibliography

 

Kim, Young mi. Why is the war fighting?. South Korea: Choosubat,

         2011.

Cho, Joung Yeon. Do you know how happy kid you are?. South Korea: Kookmin,

        2006.

Molie, David. Doctors without borders. South Korea: Parabooks,

        2007.

French Revolution_Wayne's 4th essay

Wayne Han

Révolution Françaiser

I choose Révolution Française as a topic which is related with Jae-hyoung’s topic. There is three big revolution for democracy that French Revolution, English Revolution (Glorious Revolution) and American Revolution. French Revolution was progressed 1787 to 1789(Britannica, Révolution Française). It was happened by many reasons, I will introduce some of them, it is because of the increasing prosperous elite of wealthy commoners, the peasant were aware of their situations, participation in the American Revolution had driven the government to the brink of bankruptcy, and crop failures in 1788, made them a long period of economic difficulties(Britannica Révolution Française).

Now I will introduce a person who underwent French revolution and huge change after revolution. He was a farmer, but he became revolution activist. He will talk us about his experience of revolution. Please give him a big hand.

Hi, my name is Robert Fournier. Today, I’m happy to talk about my experience about French Revolution. It was progressing on 1787 to 1789. I was 35 years old, when French Revolution was started. I couldn’t forget my 35 to 37 age memories. Oh, I want to introduce my family first. I have my pretty wife, and 4 children who are Elisa, Quantin, Laetitia, and Martin. They will appear many times on my story.

Let’s start. Um... When I was 34 years old, there was a huge drought in the France. But still Louis XVI and Maria Antonia’s persecution was so strong to ordinary farmers. The government took more than 80 percent of my income. When they build something, then, we had to give more tax than we earn and also we have to give our work. By our tax and work, 1 percent of nobles, and clerics made different special position. And they live luxuriously and elegantly (Doopedia, French Revolution, Révolution Française).

Day by day, powerless commoner and bourgeois’ complaint was soaring high. By that time, philosophy of enlightenment was peppered throughout fast. Philosophy of enlightenment is so important, it’s no exaggeration to say that philosophy of enlightenment lead citizens to revolution. Enlightenment is mostly made by Montesquieu and Rousseau. It is idea that God, reason, nature, and man synthesize into a world view that human’s reason power and trusting human’s unlimited potential for development. Also, the way of progressing humankind is overcoming ignorant and superstition and reform old customs and systems. (Doopedia)

     Start of Revolution was États Généraux (Estate General). At 1789, Louis XVI resumed Estate General because of worsening finance. But on way of voting, there was big controversy. So 3rd identities ran out Estate General, because it was unfair that 1st and 2nd identities have 2 votes each, and 3rd identities only have 1 vote. After that 3rd identities made National Assembly that was consisted by 3rd. They vow in the tennis court about this assembly must not break up before make a law and recover society’s order. (Doopedia)

     It is really famous event in French Revolution. Yes, it is the storming of the Bastille. I was at spearhead of citizen crowd. It was so thrilled. Anyway, we invaded to the Bastille to release political prisoner, but also we need good weapon to fight. By us, army of government deleted by a moment. This storming had spread to all of the country, that caused farmers' revolt. This revolt had been getting bigger and bigger, a constitutional assembly finally passed the Declaration of Human Rights. I thought it will be done because they passed the Declaration(Doopedia). Because of the storming of Bastille, we took sovereignty back from novels(먼나라 이웃나라).

     The Declaration of Human Rights is based on human's natural right (freedom, ownership, etc. In order to preserve it, they allow the political union and country's formation, formation's basic principle is Sovereignty rests with the people(주권재민), seperation of power, and the law legislation(법률제정권). This Declaration effected many law of the world and politics including 1891 French Constitution(Doopedia).

     So, the period of legislation just opened. But there was confliction between Girondins party and Jacobins party, because of the way of reformation. Girondins wanted to reform progressively, however Jacobins wanted to reform rapidly. Because Girondins have more money than Jacobins, so hey have to keep their money. During this confliction, the international situation was kind of hard to us. England, Austria, or Deutschland was planning to fight with France, because they didn't want to be like France's situation.(Doopedia)

     It called a revolutionary war. Start of this war was only between France and Austria. However, after Affair Varennes (Louis XVI tried to run out from France), Louis killed by citizen, so marginal countries participated into a Revolutionary War on Austria's side. Oh I forgot something, by Louis' death, Frace established Constitutional Monarchy. War had a decided advantage to Austria's side. However, by Montagnards (belonging to Jacobins), we established to the war basis. We regained most of our territory.(Doopedia)

     Around the war, Robespierre did Reign of Terror. Start of it was to overcome economical problem. But Robespierre abused his power. He killed a lot of person who hated. That is why it called Reign of Terror. Robespierre was Jacobins. Giordins rose in revolt to kill him. So after his death, Giordins established Directoire, but in France, there was still economical and political problem. So Napoleon appeared sadly...(Doopedia)

     I am proud of this revolution, because by us it is not exaggerative that democracy and Constitution is started from this. My story is the end. Thank you guys to hear my boring story haha. This is about my memorization. Thank you!

Bibliography

Britannica. "French Revolution." Encyclopaedia Britannica.

     Chicago: Britannica Inc. 2012.

Doopedia. "French Revolution,Révolution Française" Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Doopedia. "Enlightenment." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Doopedia. "États Généraux." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Doopedia. "Serment du Jeu de Paume." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Doopedia. "Déclaration des droits de I'homme et du citoyen." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Lee, Wonbok "The Foreign & Neighbor Countries." KimYoungSa

      South Korea : Kim-Young-Sa, 1998.

Doopedia. "Affair Varennes." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Doopedia. "혁명전쟁." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Doopedia. "Assemblée Législative." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Doopedia. "Assemblée Législative." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Doopedia. "La Terreur." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Doopedia. "Montagnards ." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Doopedia. "Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre,

      1758.5.6.~1794.7.28." Doopedia.

      South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.

Jaehyoung Kim: Essay 4

A Huguenot Pastor views Protestant Reformation

     I’m very glad to share my experiences with you. Before sharing my experiences about what I’ve experienced during the Protestant Reformation in France, I want to introduce myself briefly. I was born as the third son in a Huguenot family. And after I got married, I became a pastor and served a small Huguenot church in Paris.
     For those who are not familiar with what ‘Huguenot’ stands for, I will explain about it. Huguenots are the French Protestants in 16th and 17th centuries. We had suffered under the severe persecutions under French government (Oxford). Most of the Huguenots were Calvinists, the Protestant who follows John Calvin. And I was a Calvinist, too.
     As most of you may know, Protestant Reformation began with Martin Luther nailing the Ninety-five Theses at the door of Wittenberg Church (McManners). Following Martin Luther, the French theologian John Calvin added supports to it and led Reformation in France. Most of his followers became leaders of Reformation in France and led many people in France to convert to Protestantism.
     My great-grandfather was the first person among my family who converted to Protestantism. After him, most of my family members accepted Protestantism. But since Protestantism was forbidden during 16th century, they were required to have worship services in secret. Since 1523, when the first French Lutheran Jean Vallière was burnt at the stake, uncountable Huguenots were persecuted and burnt at the stake (Gwon).
     During his age, however, the proportion of Huguenots tremendously increased and the confliction between Protestant and Catholic was inevitable. And finally, the French Wars of Religion occurred, after the Massacre at Vassy in which many Protestants were killed by Catholics (Holt). During the war, uncountable people among both Protestants and Catholics were killed and the repetitions of revenges were made back to back.
     Catherine de Médicis, who was the mother of Charles IX and the actual ruler during her son’s reign, tried to persuade Huguenots with Colloquy of Poissy, which promised the most basic form of freedom of worship to Huguenots (Britannica, Catherine de Médicis). But it was not a law and was not actually executed. So the war continued.
     In 1562, the war was seemed to be concluded when Catherine de Médicis issued Edicts of January, which allowed a limited freedom of worship to Huguenots. By Edicts of January, Huguenots having a license from government were allowed to have simple worship services, with safeguards observing them (Britannica, Catherine de Médicis).
     But in fact, Edicts of January was unceasingly flouted. Huguenots were still persecuted frequently and requests of the license for worship service were usually denied. In 1569, Philippe de Gastine and his son, who arranged a meeting of Huguenots, were sentenced to death at the Place de Grève, in where a cemetery of Huguenot martyrs was located (Gwon).
     Moreover, on 24 August 1572, the infamous Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre took place. Catherine convinced Charles IX that Huguenots are on the brink of rebellion. And Charles IX, who was completely deceived by Catherine, ordered assassination of all Huguenots in France. About 3,000 Huguenots were killed in Paris and over 70,000 Protestants died in France (History.com), including my grandparents.
     However, after the death of Charles IX, Henry III and Henry IV came to throne. They were much more generous to Huguenots. They made constant efforts to arbitrate between two parties. And finally, Henry IV ended the wars completely in 1598 by the Edict of Nantes (Doopedia). More than 30 years of war was ended.
     Edict of Nantes granted us the full civil rights and freedom of public worship service. A special court called the Chambre de l'Édit was established in order to deal with disputes arising from the edict. And even our pastors could get financial supports from state. We could build strongholds for protecting ourselves from attacks and they were named ‘places de sûreté’ (Britannica, Edict of Nantes). It was the age of freedom and liberty for us.
     But when Louis XIV came to throne, the situation changed completely: it became worse than before. In 1679, he issued a series of more than 125 documents, limiting the liberties of Huguenots including the freedom to worship (Britannica, Louis XIV). Public worship services were forbidden, and the strongholds that we built were captured by national armies. The supports toward Huguenots pastors were restricted. And schools were forced to teach children in Catholic manners.
     Things got worse in 1685. Louis XIV officially revoked Edict of Nantes by Edict of Fontainebleau. Moreover, he instituted these new policies: All Huguenot church buildings were to be destroyed, No public or private Huguenot worship services were to be allowed, Ministers who would not convert to Catholicism had to leave the country within 10 days or be put to death, Children born to Huguenot parents were to be baptized by Catholic priests and raised as Catholics; Huguenots (except ministers) were forbidden to leave the country (Combee).
     As a result of these policies, Huguenots in France almost disappeared into thin air. Many Huguenots had escaped to foreign countries to keep their faith, though they were sentenced to death if captured. And those with little faith converted back to Catholicism. 
     Since I was a pastor, I was also forced to be out of my country. And as John Calvin did, many Huguenot pastors including me went to Geneva, Switzerland, in which the freedom of religion existed.
     As mentioned on Bible, nation without healthy church couldn’t prosper (New Living Translation, Isaiah 14). Since most of the Huguenots were professions in their job such as professors or technicians, the country’s economy got worse than ever (Knecht). The corruption of Catholic Church didn’t cease and the daily life of innocent people became catastrophic.
     This is my entire story. And I would like to end by saying this. Having the freedom to worship can only be done by God’s grace. So if you have it, always be joyful, never stop praying, and be thankful in all circumstances, for this is God’s will for you who belong to Christ Jesus (New Living Translation, 1 Thessalonians 5).



Bibliography

Britannica. "Catherine de Médicis." Encyclopædia Britannica.
          Chicago: Britannica Inc., 2012.
Britannica. "Edict of Nantes." Encyclopædia Britannica. 
          Chicago: Britannica Inc., 2012.
Britannica. "Louis XIV." Encyclopædia Britannica.
          Chicago: Britannica Inc., 2012.
Combee, Jerry H. History of the World in Christan Perspective. 
          Florida: A Beka Academy, 2006.
Doopedia. "Huguenots Wars." Doopedia. 
          South Korea: Doosan Corporation, 2012.
Gwon, Hyeonik. "The Footsteps of French Reformation:
          Huguenots Martyrs." ChristianToday. 
          South Korea: ChristanToday. 2010.
History.com. "Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre - 
          This day in History." 2012. History.com. 23 November 2012 
          <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/saint-
          bartholomews-day-massacre>.
Holt, Mack. The French Wars of Religion.
          New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Knecht, Robert. The French Religious Wars. 
          London: Osprey Publishing, 2002.
McManners, John. The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity. 
          New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
New Living Translation. "1 Thessalonians 5." Holy Bible. 
          Illinois: Tyndale House Foundation, 2007.
New Living Translation. "Isaiah 14." Holy Bible. 
          Illinois: Tyndale House Foundation, 2007.
Oxford. "Huguenot." Pearsall, Judy. Oxford Dictionary. 
          Chicago: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Lianne Essay3: My argument for

My Argument for Animal Testing

  Today more and more medicines are invented and medical techniques are amazingly developed. Here's the question. How can this happen? There can be many reasons like the discovery new materials, invention of medical machines and so on. However the biggest factor which have the decisive effect is the animal testing.

  So, what is a animal testing? Animal testing also known as animal experiment is having experiments on animals to know if it's appropriate for humans to use. On the basis of  bioethics, animal testing is becoming a serious problem and many people are opposed to it. However, I agree with animal testing.These are the following reasons: animal testing is necessary for better life, it had been a great help from past to present , we have no choice but animal testing, and enough of animal testing is okay. 

  To start with. animal testing is necessary for better life for everyone. In the world, a lot and lot of people are having hard times with their health problems. People in the poor countries are dying because of lack of nutrients. They need to be cured by medicines. What about the people with disease that doesn't have any solutions yet? To help them, we have to invent right treatments and medicines for them as soon as possible. We need to give them a better life. 
  
  Secondly, animal testing had been a great help from past to the present. Animal testings are usually used in inventing products that are necessary and also easy to be reached in our lives. The typical ones are medicines, cosmetics, and also food. It's used everywhere! So even people who disagrees with animal experiments are using those things naturally not knowing they were animal tested. We need to use those things to keep our body so I say that the animal tests are really close to us than we think and helped us and made a better life.


  Thirdly, we have no choice but animal testing. The time when the medical techniques developed the most was during the World War II. This was the time when people had most medical experiment on a living body in formally and informally. Through this, the medical techniques developed enormously. Plenty of people have died through this with no reason and this kind of experiment never have to be happened again. However, we still need to have higher quality of medical skills and more medicines have to be invented.

  So what I mean is that animal testing is an unavoidable choice for the development of medical. From the animal's perspective it can be sad but by their death we can save more and more people. Through the research, I found out that their is a kind of experiment using the animal cell. However, this is not enough to replace the animal testing. It's hard to find out the right result. Until we find the better way, we have to use the animal testing.

  Lastly, enough of animal testing is okay. Some scientists do animal experiments for no reasons. Some scientists do some experiments for useless purpose. Not for the development of science or medical but to know the limitation of the invented animal. I think that's an awful experiment giving the animal only pain. Except of experiments like this, I think enough of animal experiments are good.

  To conclude, animal testing have to be held. It's a big social problem and has both good effects and also some problems. I think it has more positive effects so I agree with it. However, from the process of the experiment we should think from the animal and have to know what we are doing this for not just hurting the animals. We should keep the animal testing until other kinds of experiments can replace it but treat them nicely!  Animal testing had been a great help for us and we have to thank for them.

Examples for the Research Paper

Dear Students, 

Here are a few examples of this kind of research paper you are doing.  I hope this will help you. 

You can find out more information from this website where I learned about this kind of research writing style.

 http://www.nwp.org/cs/public/print/resource/2512

Aaron's Story: The Invasion of Normandy

Some shining examples of quality research resulted. Perhaps the best paper came from Aaron, who not only chose to write about the invasion of Normandy, but also took an unusual slant by using a German soldier as his narrator. He explains,

I chose to take the viewpoint of a German soldier for this topic because I had never seen it done before; most of the time, when this topic is chosen, people chose to take the Allies' viewpoint. An Axis narrator seemed unique and offered a more challenging perspective to write from. I had to find facts that the German defenders would be concerned with, not facts that would have been significant to Allies alone.

His account begins when a German soldier intercepts portions of a radio broadcast of what he believes to be a speech by General Eisenhower rallying his troops for the upcoming battle.

The radio operator was saying "It sounds like they're planning an invasion. They aren't serious, are they?"

"It wouldn't matter if they were," said Rudolf, our battalion's staff sergeant. Of anyone in the 352nd Division, he was by far the most confident about the strength of the Atlantic Wall and its designer, Oberbefehlshaber Rundstred (author, page number).

"They'll never pass all the hedgehogs and tetrahedrons we've scattered around; they'll scuttle any ship that gets too close. And that big barbwire mound. They'd have to get past that! And if they did, well, they'd still have to get past those trenches outside, then up 30 meters up the cliffs. They don't stand a chance."

At that moment there came the muffled sound of an explosion in the distance; Rudolf fell silent. It came again, and again, closer and closer. A second later, the entire bunker was shuttering under the impact of what had to be a bomb. What was going on?

We made our way into the bomb shelter on level ground. My entire battalion was down there. We were trapped. We waited for hours while the bombs continued dropping. Akaim managed to get a radio working; we received reports that this was happening all along the Wall.

It had to be about five in the morning before we noticed the barrage had stopped. We were so relieved. About a half an hour after we had resurfaced Rudolf gave a sudden intake of breath. He handed me the binoculars and directed me towards the horizon. I dropped the specs over the side of the bunker out of shock.

There were ships.

The End

Bibliography

Source 1:...........

Source 2:..............

Aaron goes on to relate the eventual defeat of the German army. His narrative is loaded with facts that include the designer of the wall, the weaponry, the landscape, the German trench system along the beach, known as Widerstandnesters, and the time frame.

One specific fact Aaron uncovered really sticks out to me as an example of "stuffing" his account with detail that was accurately researched. He discovered that a pair of Ranger scouts disabled the artillery at Point du Hoc with thermite grenades that melted the mechanisms used to fire the guns, rendering them useless. As the narrator's situation deteriorates, this is how he relays this information:

The radio sounded off behind Akaim. As he checked it, his faced paled. "Point du Hoc has fallen," he said quietly. "The Americans sent their 1st Ranger's Division to take the Point."

"What happened?" cried Haans over the gunfire.

"Two scouts melted the firing mechanisms with thermites," said Akaim.

"We had received intelligence that the Rangers were planning something, so we moved the artillery back off the cliff. It didn't matter, though. The guns are useless, and the scouts have disappeared."

Zhiyun's Story: The Trail of Tears

Some students came upon intriguing and significant historical problems as they researched and developed their narratives. Zhiyun wrote about the Trail of Tears, the Indian removal that took place in the 1830s. One problem she encountered was that many of the first-hand accounts she found were very biased. She explains,

As I started to research, I realized that most of the first-hand accounts came from an American point that was severely slanted against the Indians. I realized that there were very few accounts from white men sympathetic to the Indians. Thus, my narrator was born. He was to be a soldier directly involved in the removals but with a pro-Cherokee point of view.

Here the narrator, who is awaiting his own hanging, explains to the audience his reasons for killing two American soldiers in an attempt to save an Indian family from a savage beating:

On our way there, I uncomfortably noticed the surrounding chaotic round-ups; screaming mothers begged troops to let them find their children while bayonets ruthlessly slashed and jabbed all unmercifully. That night I happened to encounter a pitiful Cherokee family of four being struck and prodded with bayonets by soldiers.

. . . . Around lunch time, Scott called for the troops to gather for an execution. An Indian attempted to escape with his family, but they were captured by pursuing troops; the Indian and his two sons were immediately sentenced to death. The nastiest surprise came when their fellow Cherokee were forcefully made to enlist in the firing squad. Some soldiers started to roar with laughter at this humiliation. I, however, was too petrified to even move. Helplessly, I watched as the Indians were executed one by one to the wailing and lamenting of their friends and family.

While the voice of the narrator is not as prominent in this example as in some of the other papers, the depth of research is clear. In addition to historical facts, Zhiyun found information that documented the human side of this tragedy. One of her sources described how an Indian was executed for trying to escape, and she used that incident as the catalyst that drove her narrator to a breaking point. She also learned that the soldiers used bayonets if the Cherokee did not follow orders.

Essay 3-Will Kim

Many people may think that paper exams, written exams, and the tests that reveals only one’s diligence and brain can evaluate one’s value. Well, I believe that this world is now shifting its gears into a more globalized standard.

Currently, as this world is rapidly changing and becoming more globalized, many universities, companies, and employees are demanding not only technology, but also an ability to interact with one another. In another words, this world is demanding a global leadership. Some examples of global leaderships are the followings: international voluntary service, experience in the foreign country, linguistic abilities, and so on. To give a good example of why this world is becoming globalized, I will be specifically talking about universities, companies, and employers.

First, university entrance exam, which only tested the student’s comprehension of only studying, is now decreased. This is due to the fact that, people these days now realize that only evaluating one’s value (I know it is kinda awkward to use this word in meaning to human, but I’ll just use it) by the outcome of exam score was not a great idea. So, in order to fill in the deficiency of formal evaluation standards, meeting the demands of the things this world wants was the only answer. Test, which was a played a large role, is now in the minor league and extracurricular activities such as science competitions, other tests, math competitions, and recommendations stepped up in the stage. So in conclusion, written examination will be puffed into written exam plus oral test plus extracurricular activities.

Second, companies and employers want a smart and globalized leader. Viewing from the perspective of the employer, a smart employer would want to hire those who are excellent not only the ones that are brainy, but also those who are able to interact with the world. Interacting with the world means linguistic fluency, eloquent speaking, experience with an outsider, and so on.

Lastly, looking from a larger spectrum, this nation is looking for those who are really able to cooperate internationally. Examples are president, diplomats, congressman, and ect. Because handling a national matter must be extremely cautious and careful, the ones that are holding the powers are in great responsibilities. Must not lose, but must not destroy the relationships with one another.

I strongly support these upcoming ideas because they seem more realistic if we look at the needs of this world. There are may be some people who just don’t do well on written exams. Giving them a chance of more open doors might lead one’s school or nation to find the ones that needs to be where they really should be. Evaluating one’s value by a paper is not logical. It is pathetic. Well maybe they can figure out who is smart or not, but they will never be able to figure out who is suited for something by some papers. I believe that written exam exists because it is there to evaluate the most basic thing: diligence. If one cannot even prove that he or she is a diligent worker, then how could they be able to work under the standard that demands more great diligence and responsibilities? It just does not make any sense!

In conclusion, due to the rapid changing of this world, I am standing up for the fact that global interactions and extracurricular activities are just as important as paper exams.